Description The purpose of this course is to describe the behavior of TCP/IP over cellular networks. The course starts with an introduction to the TCP/IP protocol stack, and then describes the details of how it behaves over cellular networks. The course also provides an overview of products and solutions for solving performance problems over the cellular networks.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the participant will:
Understand the TCP/IP protocols stack and features
Understand the improvements made to TCP/IP for the cellular network
Understand how to tune the TCP/IP protocols for better performance
Understand advanced solutions for TCP performance improvement in cellular networks
Topics
TCP/IP Behavior
Application Behavior
The Cellular Network – a TCP/IP Perspective
Wireless and Cellular Environment
TCP Performance Tuning
TCP/IP over Cellular Networks Improvement Mechanisms
TCP/IP OS tuning
Target Audience
R&D, engineering, and technical support personnel.
Prerequisites Basic understanding of data communication protocols
Duration 2 Days
Outline
Introduction to TCP/IP
The TCP/IP protocol stack
Standards and standardization
The Protocols
IP – Internet Protocol
The protocol
ARP and Address resolution
The packet structure, and IP options
NAT and PAT
TCP and UDP
Introduction
Ports, connections and endpoints
TCP
Frame structure
Operations and flags – SYNC, RESET, ACK, PUSH and FIN
Connectivity – connection establishment and termination
Flow control and the sliding windows mechanism – Slow-start, Congestion avoidance, retransmissions and Duplicate ACKs
UDP
Frame structure
Operation
Application Behavior
File transfer, Mail Transfer and browsing
Databases and Interactive data applications
VoIP, Music and Gaming – SIP and SDP
Video streaming – RTP, RTCP and RTSP
The Cellular Network – a TCP/IP Perspective
The network structure – the cellular and landline network architecture
The network components
End-to-End QoS limitations
Wireless and Cellular Environment Factors
Characteristics
Limited bandwidth
Delay and delay variations (Jitter)
High and unstable loss rate
Mobility aspects
Asymmetric link capacities
Where do we fail
The Air Interface
The Core network
The network components
Traffic and Loss patterns
End to end service performance analysis
General Architecture of TCP Connectivity over UMTS and HSDPA/HSUPA networks
TCP Performance Tuning
TCP Versions and extensions – Tahoe, Reno, New-Reno, Vegas. Microsoft NG-TCP
RFC 1323 enhancements
Timestamp features
ACK frequency and Delayed ACK
TCP Selective ACK (SACK)
Retransmission mechanisms
Multiple and negative ACKs
TCP/IP over Cellular Networks Improvement Mechanisms
Introduction – Link layer, split and snoop solutions
Link layer solutions
SNOOP, TULIP, Delayed ACK and DupACK and scheduling solutions
Split solutions
Indirect TCP
Mobile TCP
Mobile End Transport Protocol (METP)
End to End solutions
Forward Acknowledgment, SMART Retransmissions, Eiffel, Explicit Congestion Notification, Explicit Bad State Notification (EBSN), Explicit Loss Notification, Noncongestion Packet Loss Detection (NCPLD), Explicit Transport Error Notification, Freeze TCP, TCP Probing
TCP Peach, TCP Santa Cruz, TCP Westwood, TCP Veno, TCP Jersey, TCP Pacing, TCP Real, Ad Hoc TCP
The IETF approach - PEP – Performance Enhancement Proxies (RFC 3135)
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